2.7. Technical condition of the motor
If all like debit is with the motor of the car? Possibly is it time to save the money to execute the diagnostic one of computer, and even for the repair? To respond to him to these questions will help several council of the engineer, there are many years wrapped in the repair of foreign cars.
Before seeing a doctor, each one of us becomes involved in the autodiagnostic one. At the same time we do not become roentgenoscopy, do not use the eletrocardiógrafo and other modern devices. Simply we feel a forehead, examine a throat, we listen if beaten in a chest, if you calender a waist. Of devices traditionally we use thermometers and, perhaps, the clock in the moment of the measurement of the wrist.
Here so, simply, we define if the organism normally works. And result!
The motor of the car – the same organism. For her it sweats diagnostic right and treatment there there are many difficult devices, devices and instruments. There are in use several techniques and the receptions that demand the fine knowledge of the internal device. For a departure we suggest it to main, more simple things for the understanding.
We are going to try to understand the one that is necessary to pay the attention in the moment of the Repair of the car: which necessities to be felt, where to look, where to listen and, perhaps, even to smell for opinion like the motor if it feels. He does not want to study together with us – they acquire hundred dollars of a bag and go to the computer diagnostic one. The motorcar "medical aid" paid!
Primary inquiry
Present that you the gentle doctor. Having established the camera (garage), bring near the patient (car), certainly greet him, tell him different offer, calming words and advise to undress to a belt (open a monk's hood). Begin with the extern inquiry of the motor. Remember that nothing reflects the internal well-being like the pleasant thing, well treated, shining with the health appearance.
The strong general impunity of the motor, as well as the existence of intensive local holes, on the contrary, witness on the hesitated health. If in the afternoon, leaving the car, providently put a floor of garage below the motor to leaf in white hair of the newspaper, take away it and it examines. The aspects of oil and other Repairal liquids during one evening will leave marks in which it will be able to establish fountains of holes in the newspaper and to define his intensity. Of what he is higher, those will measure the elimination of bad functioning.
The next step – check and bringing the standard of levels of all the Repairal liquids. First of all we are interested in motor oil and cooling of liquid (antifreeze) like his lack more strongly is shown in technical characteristics of the motor.
There is a wish also of remembering (believe, it is not a jocosity) that it is necessary to convince the available fuels of the tank. The practical display that some inattentive drivers almost to the death torture an author and the battery recarregável, when forgot on what before "the good colleague" must feed and happen to the drink, and soon – in a shovel and in the oven.
At the same time check a tension of belts of the walk of auxiliary unities of the motor (the bomb of the system of cooling, the creator, the bomb of the hydraulic auxiliary rocket of the direction, the condicionador). It is secured what the belts do not bend and are not pulled out. If everything is very good, get rid of pants and it takes the wheel.
Before launch of the motor
It does not hurry launching motor at the same time. Haste here to something. In the beginning there become a key in the situation "ignition". As a rule, in this case in the panel of all the modern cars several control lamps illuminate. In this stage specially we are interested in two: the first one – lamp of the insufficient pressure of oil in the lubrication system, the second – a lamp of control of a load of the battery recarregável what indicates the readiness of the creator to enter in the gear after the launch of the motor. Both lamps in the ignition included even before the launch of the motor have to be burned with the red light. And if one of them does not burn himself? If the lamp of a load of the battery recarregável was not illuminated - it is a half of the problem; if the lamp of the insufficient pressure of oil in the lubrication system is not illuminated by it - it is a disturbing sign. Be attentive, it lost the control under the lubrication system! Oil pressure in the motor – the main indicator of his usefulness. The oil pressure is not controlled, is threatened by repairs of capital of the motor with all that it contains.
The cause of the defect is composed or in the bad contact of captures of the sensor, or in the sensor. It is necessary to look for the sensor, as a rule, around an oil filter. The bad functioning has to be removed. Only after one convinced that everything is very good, launch the motor.
"Cold" launch
The useful motor with the adjusted systems of supply of fuel and ignition, the battery recarregável useful is launched of an attempt during 3-5 pages. The problems firmemente appear with the "cold" launch testify to bad functioning. We are going to take office, avoid it and the motor was launched.
We look at the panel. Two lamps open to question in top are obliged to go out.
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PREVENTION
If during 5 with a lamp of the insufficient pressure of oil in the lubrication system it keeps on being burned, give birth to the motor!
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After several minutes again try to launch the motor. In case of the lack of the pressure of oil it is necessary to look for the reason of bad functioning.
Possible reasons:
— low oil level;
— the sensor of pressure of oil is defective;
— the grill of a receiver of oil of the bomb of oil is hammered;
— the oil bomb is defective;
— great use of radical loads and conrod of an inclination end.
If the oil pressure is normal, we begin the inspection of the motor in the heating way.
To be heated of the motor
The frequency of the rotation of an end of inclination of not the motor heated approximately for 1,5 times exceed the frequency of passport of the rotation of the motor to waste time doing normally 700-900 minutes — 1 (revolutions per minute) and it will lessen lisamente in the process of the growth of the temperature of the motor.
After 7-10 minutes of the moment of the temperature of launch of the motor it will get the level of 80 °C and to be stabilized (as well as turns waste time).
It is easy to check this process in a tacômetro (the device of the measurement of the frequency of the rotation of an end of inclination of the motor) and to the rate of the temperature of cooling the liquid.
When he is heating second product above mentioned described scenery, the system of wasting time and the system of cooling of the work of motor normally.
If the temperature of the motor does not get the necessary level, more probably, the thermostat (the valve of agreement of the system of cooling) is blamed. There are very much more reasons to overheat of the motor, and they are shown in the subsection of the present manual that describes the system of cooling of motor.
Then the quite driving one is hot and the turns of wasting time are stabilized (it learns on him according to the indications of devices of control), the time to listen as he "sings" the motor it will come.
Beautiful voice – an organism are
The doctors secure that regarding the person this affirmation is completely just. The same thing can be said also about the motor.
The useful motor publishes a uniform crash and "marks" like hours. Some masters say that it "whispers". In spite of figurative of expressions, for right it understood what they mean.
If motor what works unequally, with failures, periodicamente vibrate, knows, this evidence of his bad functioning. Sometimes
bad functioning – a consequence of the use of details of the motor and fall of a compression in cylinders, but very often the reasons are the leak of a way of entry, the filter of covered air, failures in the work of system of the ignition and system of provision of power (supply of fuel).
There is a wish of stopping in those cases when the motor as they fail, "troit", this is one of cylinders it does not work.
With the help of the diagnostic unity for the method of the consecutive stoppage of cylinders to find "the saboteur" it is simple. As soon as it climbs the defective cylinder, the sort of the work of the motor will not be modified.
Very often the cause of the defect can be defined, when examined a capture of spark. It allows to learn very driving, interesting on a state.
It is necessary to mention strange noises and blows. At the same time we will do a reserve that a similar method of the diagnostic one - "air acrobatics", inside his powers even not to all the professionals.
The drivers must infer what any sharp metal sound witnesses to work in faulty way. If "they are published" by unities with hinges (the creator, a pomp (the bomb of system of cooling), the hydraulic auxiliary rocket) it is a half of the problem. It is possible "person in charge" for the noise defines if constantly it will take away belts of the walk of these unities. If after the removal of the next belt the foreign sound disappears, shake the corresponding pulley of the evaluation of the size of a play of radial and axial side of loads. Very often they are troublemaking.
The blows that come from a belly of the motor threaten of preoccupations much bigger. Listen to them in several power placing through a motor stethoscope or if if it is going away, a dry stick with a diameter approximately 10 mm of the solid wood (zygoma corsets itself to one below of an ear wolf). In such a way it is possible to reveal defects of the mechanism that distributes the gas, tsilindroporshnevy group, mechanism krivoshipno-conrod.
Again we will accent: to do the diagnosis, the ear of the music is not enough, it is necessary to have the professional experience and the excellent knowledge "of the equipment".
A judgement completed in a solid body
The diagnostic inspection would be incomplete without the analysis of the smoke of an exhaust of the motor. One heats up already somewhat so is good hour to bring near a tube of leak and to launch the eyes on a horseback "below a tail".
The exhaust of the useful motor is almost without color. The leak tube leaves the easy smoke only distinguishable of the white color that the intensity amplifies for the sharp pressing of the pedal of gas pedal.
In the frozen time the useful car reserves quite dense clouds of the white steam (not to confuse to smoke!), the fuels that demonstrate full combustion.
Much time it must not inhale gases of leak. We stop the motor. But end is still not. It is worthwhile to inspect an internal surface of a cork of a mouth that fills the oil. The aspects existence in him the emulsion of foam done from the color lúrida – very disturbing symptom that he speaks about the infiltration in the lubrication system of cooling liquid. Having discovered a wide tank, inspect the appearance of the antifreeze.
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PREVENTION
To avoid an injured (burn), it is necessary to do it in the motor down cooled!
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Oil movie in the antifreeze surfaces, such as the oil of done motor of foam, – precursors of quick repair of the motor.
Here, possibly, and all. Completely we examine "the patient", literalmente "from a nose to a tail tip". When the equipment was also used in the inquiry not expensively, inaccessible for most of drivers, and what gives itself knots for the nature – sight, audition, sense of the sense of smell and, naturally, "mysterious gray substance".
Analysis of an exhaust
Oily consolation of 6-8 mm of width in an extern surface of a tube of leak of the car ("an edge of lamentation") – the investigation of the consumption of lifted oil. The repairs of capital of the motor are inevitable.
Smoke of black color.
Sign of incomplete combustion of fuel. The system of provision of power prepares the very rich and precise mixture of the agreement.
Smoke of a gray shadow (violet).
Sign of the consumption of lifted oil. The motor demands the substitution of hats of scraper of oil or the repair of the group tsilindroporshnevy.
Dense white smoke.
Sign of a burn - out of placing of a head of the cylinder block of the motor. The liquid cooling comes to the combustion camera.
Smoke with a smell of the carried out gases of the tube of retired branch of system of ventilation of a case (sapun) of the motor.
Sign of interval of the gases carried out in a case of oil because of the slits increased in group tsilindroporshnevy.
"Eat" very much, but calmly it goes
If the motor is launched badly, pobremente to pull and to pass great fuel – the tug can appear in absolute not in about what first he thinks. The simple one, apparently, the situation of the point of view of the definition of the main cause is the most cunning. Many people courageously begin the independent inquiry, no
to understand that these demonstrations can be a consequence of several reasons, of the elementary one to a quite serious one. It is good there if will have been a car in which the simple and antiquated technical solutions are in use, – classic Zhiguli, "Muscovite" and the Volga – is possible to direct the mechanics that has experience in the field of the repair of similar cars certainly.
But, when substituted the car with the most modern thing, many drivers keep on directing the same masters. And they need the courage to recognize what do not understand the difficult processes that happen in systems of injection of the fuel and electronic schemes of the ignition. They investigate a spark "in the exhaustion", damaging at the same time transistors, isolation of windings of rolls of ignition, wires of high voltage and ways of driving "of protorivy" in coverings and distributors' rotors of the ignition. Without resolving a problem, such a mechanics exhausts "the disease" in the interior. And like that the owner even so comes to the professionally trained mechanics. "The treatment" of the car, nevertheless, already will be complicated considerably.
The experts quite very often enter in a situation when after the long work even with the use of difficult devices they manage not to understand anything. Only shortly (sometimes much much time) it is clear that prior master - "intelligent man" modified jets in the carburator or twisted everything in the system of the injection, consequently it broke his tension or "dead" sensor of pressure.
The list of the possible reasons that turn in the consumption of increased fuel and the slowing down of the power of the motor is very rich. And except them there is an uncommon, but serious line and quite very often bad considered functioning, as прогар the piston, the blow of the fuel in oil, failure of one of sensors of the temperature of the system of injection and the thermostat, a pereputyvaniye of electronic valves, destruction of one of the placing of the carburator, rings of piston or splitting of the piston.
The diagnostic one has to be executed without desmontagem, otherwise the possibility only during some time to remove the investigation or up to adding that the new existent problem, sometimes more difficult it is high.
For example, there are many reasons that lead to the slowing down of the power of a spark. If the driving prover executes the diagnostic one in that of multiple use, in his fabric it is possible to define while lack happens.
The situation when, having found signs of the abnormal Repair of the motor, the driver goes to a mechanic is common. This, having measured a compression of the motor and having found complaisance to the standard, begins to adjust both the carburator and the system of the ignition, trying to obtain the constant work. Sometimes it works well. The motor control regularly, he stops going deaf, but at the same time sketching and they break consumption of fuel very much to be wanted. In what a mistake?
In the leak of worn-out motor of epiploons of valves very often it happens. The oil that climbs pistons leads to the artificial compensation of the slits that appeared in the use of pistons, rings and cylinders. Since that in the moment of the measurement of a compression the false evidences result. The elimination of this bad functioning after the "repair" made for a mechanic considerably is complicated by it because of the necessity of the restoration of initial agreements.
Also the reverse situation when the owner "if it plunges" incorrectly into capital repairs is very common though they must substitute the same epiploons enough, what it is more of ten times more cheaply.
Unfortunately, still in the market of the maintenance of cars division approximately equal in the stations that satisfy conditions of the qualification, the technical and cultural service, and of splinters of the service of the sadly memorable Soviet car it remains. Therefore, the owners of the cars must know the technical center in which the car is made holes it is going to be installed attentively. And not so much with the services price, how many do I eat of what and in what conditions will they diagnose and will repair the car.