2.21. System of production of the carried out gases
Characteristics of the device
The system of the production of the carried out gases is composed of a final collector, catalytic converter, a tube of reception of scarfs, scarfs. The sensor of the concentration of oxygen, necessary for the work with the adjustable catalytic converter, (it tries of lambda) is installed in case of the catalytic converter.
The tube of fixed reception of scarfs to the catalytic converter established in a flange of a final collector. All the details join one with other to the help of screwed connections and can be substituted separately. The automotionless nuts and putting after the removal news must be substituted. The rings of rubber of the fixation of elements of the system of launch and buffers of rubber must happen for lack of slits and damages, and if necessarily – to substitute. During the installation of the new system of the production of the carried out gases it is recommended also to substitute all the elements of the fixation.
Removal and installation of system of launch
Cars with motors with a volume of work of 1,1 and 1,3 l
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Fig. 2.267. The elements of the system of the launch located in a driving compartment of the motor with a volume of work of 1,3 l: 1 – placing of a final collector; 2 – final collector; 3 – covering that protects the heat of a final collector
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The elements of the system of the launch located in a driving compartment of the motor with a volume of work of 1,3 l are shown in the fig. 2.267.
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Fig. 2.268. The elements of the system of the launch located in a driving compartment of the motor with a volume of work of 1,1 l: 1 – placing of a final collector; 2 – final collector; 3 – covering that protects the heat of a final collector; 4 – sensor of concentration of oxygen
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The elements of the system of the launch located in a driving compartment of the motor with a volume of work of 1,1 l are shown in the fig. 2.268.
Check of technical condition
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Fig. 2.271. Tube of reception and scarfs of system of launch: 1 – placing of a tube of reception of scarfs; 2 – pillow of a support of the triangular form of interruption of a tube of reception of scarfs; 3 – additional scarf; 4 – main scarf
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PREVENTION
It executes the removal and an inspection of details of the system of the launch only in the cold system.
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Removal
Withdraw the main scarf, having desconectado pillows of support of the triangular form of interruption.
Desconecte the additional scarf of the main scarf.
Withdraw the additional scarf, having desconectado a pillow of support of the triangular form of interruption.
Desconecte the catalytic converter of a tube of reception of scarfs.
Desconecte a tube of reception of scarfs of the catalytic converter (in the motor using the gasoline without lead) or of a final collector (in the motor using ethylated to gasoline).
Put out a pin of a collar of the fixation of a tube of reception of scarfs and a nut of his fixation.
Check of technical condition
Check scarfs and tubes for lack of corrosion and damages.
Check pillows of a support of the triangular form of interruption and carve collars for lack of slits and signs of the aging.
Installation
Establish the catalytic converter, a tube of reception of scarfs, the additional scarf and the main scarf like transfer and temporarily fix them.
The fastenings of delay of elements of the system of the launch, looking what did not concern a body.
Cars with motors with a volume of work of 1,5 and 1,6 l
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Fig. 2.273. The elements of the system of the launch located in a driving compartment: 1 – placing of a final collector; 2 – final collector; 3 – sensor of concentration of oxygen; 4 – catalytic converter; 5 – covering that protects the heat of a final collector
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The elements of the system of the launch located in a driving compartment are shown in the fig. 2.273.
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Fig. 2.274. Tube of reception and scarfs of system of launch: 1 – placing of a tube of reception of scarfs; 2 – pillows of a support of the triangular form of interruption of a tube of reception of scarfs; 3 – additional scarf; 4 – main scarf
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Removal
Desconecte the main scarf of the additional one (fig. 2.275), having put nuts of fixation out and having taken away pins.
Withdraw the main scarf, having desconectado pillows of support of the triangular form of interruption.
Withdraw the additional scarf, having desconectado a pillow of support of the triangular form of interruption.
Put out pins of collars of the fixation of a tube of reception of scarfs and a nut of his fixation to the catalytic converter (fig. 2.277).
Put out a pin of the fixation of a tube of reception to the additional scarf.
Installation
Establish a tube of reception of scarfs, additional and main scarfs in the enumerated order, temporarily fix them.
The fastenings of delay of elements of the system of the launch, looking what did not concern a body.
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PREVENTION
It executes the removal and an inspection of details of the system of the launch only in the cold system.
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Check of tension of system of production of the carried out gases
In cars with the lack of adjustable catalytic converter of the tension of connections of the system of the launch in front of the sensor of the concentration of oxygen it can lead to the next bad functioning:
– difficulties in launch of the motor;
– the motor stops;
– unequal motor Repair to waste time;
– breaks of the enemy lines in acceleration.
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PREVENTION
Check the condition – the coldness of motor or the temperatures of the hand. The fountain of compressed air is necessary for the check.
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Launch the motor and listen in the work motor to the system of the production of the gases carried out for lack of the hole of the carried out gases.
It gives birth to the motor.
Insert the weapon of a fountain of compressed air (compressor) in a leak tube and condense with a rag.
Establish the pressure of compressed air of 6 bars. Light the weapon.
Covering with ways of definition of places of leaks of a connection of a head of the cylinder block and a final collector, a final collector and a tube of reception of the scarf, a tube of reception of the scarf and catalytic converter and check of formation of blisters.
Remove violations of the leak of the system of the launch.
Cars with catalytic converter in system of production of the carried out gases
The cars Hyundai in series equip of the catalytic converter. In the moment of his use of existence of gasoline without lead it is compulsory. The cars with the catalytic converter made work, besides, have to be equipped of the device of an adjustable smeseobrazovaniye.
The device of an adjustable smeseobrazovaniye is understood like the system of the injection of the fuel in which a proportion fuel / air can be modified constantly depending on conditions of service and the content of oxygen in the carried out gases.
The device of a smeseobrazovaniye receives teams of management of the sensor of the concentration of oxygen (it tries of lambda) what is installed before the catalytic converter or in a final collector and one gets a beating for a current of the carried out gases. The probe of lambda is the electric sensor that registers the residual content of oxygen in the carried out gases and the corresponding electric sign that gives out. The size of a sign allows to draw a conclusion in the composition of the mixture of air of the fuel. In fractions of a second the probe of lambda can give the corresponding sign in one unity of electronic control, at the expense of him the composition of the mixture can be corrected constantly. From a side, it is necessary like the conditions of service (for example, full gas, wasting time) constantly they are modified, from another side, because
the best reardency happens in the catalytic converter only in this
the case if in the carried out gases there are enough particles of carbon (it did not set alight to gasoline).
Why in a temperature of 300-800 °C in the catalytic converter in general could have a reardency, the carried out gases will contain the biggest amount of the fuel, which one needs for the full combustion in motor cylinders. In this sense in the moment of the Repair of the equipped car of the motor with the catalytic converter, the fuel consumption increases approximately in 5 %. The catalytic converter is in a driving compartment of the car at the place of the advanced scarf. The convertedor is composed of the covered ceramic cellular block of the noble metal catalyst – platinizes or rhodium. To fix of the ceramic, sensitive block the punches, the elastic heat that holds wire grill is in use.
The worn-out catalytic converter represents it so called catalytic converter of three component. It means that in him at the same time there is an oxidation of the carbon monoxide (SO) and hydrocarbon (SN) and reduction in the content of oxide of nitrogen (NOx).
Regulations of service of cars with catalytic converter in system of production of the carried out gases
To avoid the damage of the sensor of the concentration of oxygen (it tries of lambda) and catalytic converter, it is necessary to follow the next educations.
It is compulsory to refuel to gasoline without lead.
If the fuel ethylated was filled out by mistake, it is necessary to substitute a final collector and catalytic converter. Before the installation of new elements of the system of the launch not less than two times must fill completely the tank of fuel with to gasoline without lead.
The launch of heated of pushing motor or tow is inadmissible. It is necessary to use an electric thread for the launch of the motor. It did not set alight in the ignition it can lead the fuel to overheat of the catalytic converter and his subsequent destruction.
There is necessary one avoids the frequent cold launch then for one. Otherwise in the catalytic converter it did not set alight the fuel that it sets alight when the heating with the explosion at the same time deducts what the convertedor damages.
In trouble in the launch of the motor they do not allow when an author is working much time as during the launch there is an injection of fuel. It is necessary to find and to remove the bad functioning, and soon to launch the motor.
In the moment of interruptions in the work of the system of the ignition before the definition of a cause of the defect they do not allow the injection of the fuel in the launch of the motor.
Do not check the existence of a spark in the tip of capture of retired spark.
It is impossible to execute the test of balance for the stoppage of a wire of high voltage of the ignition of one of cylinders. In a lack of interest of a wire of high voltage of the ignition of the separate cylinder, even through a special prover, it did not set the fuel alight it will come to the catalytic converter.
In the moment of interruptions in the work of the system of the ignition they avoid the Repair of the motor with the high frequency of the rotation of an end of inclination. It removes the bad functioning as soon as possible.
Do not park the car in the dried foliage or a gram. The temperature of the system of the production of the gases carried out in a siege of installation of the very high catalytic converter, the radiation of the heat takes place even after putting out of the motor.
Filling the oil of motor it is necessary to look what the very oil level in the probe did not exceed. Otherwise his excess can come to the catalytic converter and damage a covering or completely destroy it.
Useful data and advices
Since it will save the convertedor
The substitution of the refused convertedor will slam in the cash, therefore, well to predict like the situation with convertedores in the market of motor spare pieces is and which problems appear in the moment of his Repair.
There is even somewhat we knew about the convertedor only the next thing: it is such a part that is not much clear because it is necessary, is not much clear how works, ours gasoline "kills it", generally each one bothers. To be disconnected – and any problem! But gradually we begin to accustom to us what convertedor – a thing in the end of everything reasonably useful one, at least the thoughts "of the Repair" in the system of the production of the carried out gases visit more and more rarely and the least number of the heads.
In spring when the officials of police officer of traffic begin "the struggle for the air purity", one more problem falls in us – it is necessary to adjust with. The owners of the equipped cars of convertedores even do not think about him, and control posts with the step without tremor in knees and fear of the bag. Nevertheless, the same bag can "lose decently the weight" for another reason. The fines for the excess of SO level will seem cheap in comparison with expenses in purchase and substitution of the convertedor if to fail. Therefore it is necessary to know how to treat it, and with this finality in the beginning it is necessary to understand as one arranges and like works.
Since the convertedor works
In the combustion of the mixture of air of the fuel a number of unhealthy products of the person – the carbon monoxide (SO), several hydrocarbon (SN) and oxide of nitrogen (NW) and so on is formed. In spite of the fact that these substances also do only 1 % of the total sum of an exhaust (the rest is a nitrogen, carbon gas and water steam), they are very dangerous and they demand the neutralization. There are several ways of the struggle against component dangerous of an exhaust, for example impoverishment of the mixture that the motor uses, or recirculation of the carried out gases, but some of them will not compare for the efficiency with the result of the work of the catalytic converter.
Since the experts speak, the catalytic converter is a simple device in which there is a difficult chemical process. In case of the stainless steel there is ceramic or metal "brick" with the cellular structure. In this enormous monolith area of surface and everything is covered by it of the most fine layer of the special league – in fact the catalyst that contains platinum, rhodium and palladium. This rare metal is responsible for marvelous properties of the convertedor, it determines his high cost.
The carried out gases "wash" a surface of monolith, and when the temperature gets the "critical" value of +270 °C, the catalytic reaction begins. The carbon monoxide transforms in the dioxide (carbon gas), hydrocarbon – in the water and besides that in carbon gas and oxide of nitrogen – in water and nitrogen. All that is less dangerous for the environment.
The catalytic converters are able to reduce quite effectively the toxicity of an exhaust, at the same time practically they do not influence the consumption of fuel and capacity of motor. In the presence of the convertedor the pressure of return of an exhaust lightly increases of what the motor loses 2-3 h.p., but it is practically completely "the payment" for the purification of the carried out gases. Nevertheless installation of catalytic converter – not the ideal decision. Theoretically it will serve infinitamente like foregoing metal service only like the catalyst that in the moment of the chemical reaction, as we know, does not go on. In the wait of life of practice of the convertedor it has a limit...
You cause of convertedor of failure
The refusal of the catalytic converter can happen for several reasons though normally it is a gradual process that cannot be caught without the special equipment.
"The nucleus" of the majority of convertedores is done from the pottery – the material known by the fragility. The car can reach a speed to a pit, slam against something or is until single "hits" in case of convertedor a stone of what "the brick" catalytic can explode. After that loss for "nucleus" of the qualities of work – a question of time.
The convertedores of the new generation that contains a metal monolith are not so vulnerable in this aspect. It is possible to break them, naturally, but in the whole case it is not so simple.
Except the physical destruction, there is one more frequent reason of an exit of the convertedor out of the Repair – fuel. It is extremely sensitive to the composition of the fuel. If to gasoline ethylated, then the tetraethyllead that is contained in him puts himself in an active surface "of the brick" catalytic and quickly it was "polluting" of what any reaction for. Apparently, in petrol stations and hints of hoses they put the different size and columns of distribution of painting in different colors, and write on him in each opportunity, and even so the consumers sometimes confuse and they fill not in that gasoline. And it is enough "to burn" a meiotanque of such gasoline "to kill" the convertedor.
But not only ethylated gasoline – the enemy of convertedor. Be able to ruin and without lead if the system of control of the motor is defective, the mixture of air of the fuel not completely sets alight or the motor is strongly worn-out.
The triple catalytic converters ("triple" because as the catalyst serves the play from three metal) only install in those cars which motors are equipped of the system of control of shut leak. Before the convertedor the sensor of the concentration of oxygen that appreciates the composition of the carried out gases and transfers these data to the central block of a system of electronic control of the motor is installed. Depending on the content of oxygen in gases the central block regulates the composition of mixture of gas and ignition so that his best values were maintained. Serve of the main protection of the convertedor and it supplies the economy of fuel, the high profitability of the motor. The convertedor does not transfer great detours to this or which party as one leaves from the mixture. Motor badly adjusted with the increased content of the hydrocarbon in an exhaust only ruins the convertedor. The too poor mixture can cause a sharp one they overheat of the convertedor of which the monolith, it will only suffer. So, "the life" of the convertedor depends on the usefulness of a system of control of the motor.
Many things also depend on the usefulness of most of sensor of oxygen. Be "the age" "lazy" or absolutely it fails what affects the composition of the mixture of work and according to the usefulness of the convertedor.
The convertedor can spoil also an exhaust of the motor strongly worn-out burning oil. The last thing, the meeting with an exhaust to a convertedor, "are roasted" in a surface of monolith, like a varnish, and do not allow the convertedor to work.
Also there are other dangerous factors. For example, you stay up. The unsuitable candles will not give the full combustion that can cause the pernicious reaction of the fusion in the convertedor.
Be careful using additive gasoline or to the motor oil. Most of drivers do not think about him, and the additive ones can influence harmfully the convertedor also. If in a product one does not write "it is compatible with the catalytic converter", they do not risk better.
One more dangerous case – launch of the tow of motor. At the same time there can be a blow in pure gasoline convertedor. Poison the convertedor, and also it can cause the immediate reaction and up to the explosion.
In the whole case look where it goes, try not to come to deep partnerships. The temperature of work of the convertedor does approximately +900 °C. His sudden blow in the water can be fatal.
In general it is noticed that also the service conditions influence the useful life of the convertedor. More convertedores for the cars made work in the city way when motor very often is launched suffer and they stopped. However in the moment of the long driving with a high speed in the country convertedor also it suffers, but of overheating already.
Finally, it arrives reasonably if it begins to examine the system of the launch regularly. If the arms will be broken or the pillows of rubber of a support of the triangular form of interruption of scarfs fell, the leak tube will vibrate, transferring unnecessary loads to the convertedor.