7.6. Ignition system

The system of the ignition develops in each cylinder a spark in a given moment. It lights the given mixture of air of the fuel. With this finality into the tension of roll of ignition of the battery recarregável of 12 V century is going to be turned to the tension of 25 000-30 000. The unity of electronic control of a system of control of the motor is equipped of the memory of the register of codes of the bad functioning that appear in the system of the ignition during the movement of the car. Before the repair of the system of the ignition it is necessary to consider in first codes of bad functioning of the memory of the unity of control. The inquiry of public opinion of the memory of the unity of control is executed by the special device he was seeing the diagnostic capture that is below the panel.

    The security measures during the works with elements of the electronic system of the ignition
The tension in a part of high voltage of the system of the ignition does up to 30 kV. In averse circumstances, for example in the moisture increased in a driving compartment, the power waves can punch the isolation that in a contact can lead to an electric wound. to avoid damages and / or damages of the electronic system of the ignition, during the works in cars with the electronic ignition it is necessary to follow the next rules:
– before a provorachivaniye of an end of inclination an author (for example, checking a compression) puts the ignition out and desconecta the capture of contact of the amplifier of the power located in the roll of ignition;
– do not touch for hands and not desconecte wires of high voltage of the system of the ignition in the motor of work or in a provorachivaniye of an end of inclination of the motor an author;
– desconecte wires of the system of the ignition only in the ignition off;
– it executes the connection and the stoppage of devices of control (a tacômetro and a prover of the ignition) only in the ignition off;
– in the moment of the tow of the car that in the system of the ignition had a bad functioning or his existence there is supposed, is necessary desconectar a wire of the amplifier of the power;
– the launch of the motor is allowed during
1 minute through the quick porter with the very voltage of 16,5 V. After each attempt of the launch it is necessary to do a pause that lasts not less than 1 minute;
– the roll of the ignition cannot be substituted with the roll of another model or the modification of the car with another motor. It is impossible to install the roll of ignition of the system of contact of the ignition in absolute;
– the power cut of the battery recarregável can be executed only in the ignition off, otherwise it is possible to damage the unity of control of the system of the ignition;
– it executes to wash of the motor only in the ignition off;
– with the electronic system of the ignition the persons must not work with electropacemakers;
– after being heated to the temperature more than +80 °C (for example, during the painting works) they do not launch motor straightly after the heating;
– during the work with amber and the place that it welds completely is tied by them - of the battery recarregável;
– do not put in the tension of unity of control of the imitation of a sign of production.

 Elements of system of ignition

      Fig. 7.28. An agreement in a driving compartment of elements of system of ignition of motors with two axles in a head of the cylinder block (DOHC): 1 – wires of high voltage; 2 – sparkle taken; 3 – ignition roll

     Fig. 7.29. An agreement in a driving compartment of elements of system of ignition of motors with an axle in a head of the cylinder block (SOHC): 1 – ignition roll; 2 – wires of high voltage

The agreement in a driving compartment of elements of the system of the ignition of motors with two axles in a head of the cylinder block (DOHC) is shown in the fig. 7.28. The agreement in a driving compartment of elements of the system of the ignition of motors with an axle in a head of the cylinder block (SOHC) is shown in the fig. 7.29.

Ignition roll
Removal and installation
Withdraw a lock of security of the system of the ignition (an insertion fuse).
Enclose Desconecte.
 Fig. 7.30. Fixation of the roll of ignition of motors with a volume of work of 1,1 l

  Fig. 7.31. Fixation of the roll of ignition of motors with a volume of work of 1,3, 1,5 and 1,6 l

Withdraw the roll of ignition, having put a pin out of fixing (fig. 7.30 and 7.31).
It executes the installation as debit to be, the return to the removal.
Check of technical condition
   Fig. 7.32. Check of resistance of primary curve of the roll of ignition: 1 – roll of ignition of the second and third cylinders; 2 – roll of ignition of the first and fourth cylinders

Check the resistance of the primary curve of rolls between contacts of "1" and "2" (fig. 7.32).
Check the resistance of a secondary curve of rolls between conclusions of high voltage of the roll of the first and fourth cylinders and conclusions of high voltage of the second and third cylinders.
Fig. 7.33. Check of resistance of a secondary curve of the roll of ignition

Nominal resistance of a secondary curve of rolls of ignition (13±15) kOhm (fig. 7.33).

       PREVENTION
It executes an inspection of the resistance of windings secondary only in the capture left rolls of the ignition.

Taken of spark
The cars producers recommend the application of captures of spark
certain type, but it is possible to use convenient candles and other types with the number kalilny correspondingly.
There must compensate for the captures of spark through the device of areamento for each one 10.000 km of a race of the car. At the same time it is necessary to establish the distance of corresponding interelectrode. In the agreement of the distance they never turn in the central electrode as his ceramic insulator it can blow up.
Before an otvorachivaniye of captures of spark they check that in fountains of candles in a head of the cylinder block it was not foreign objects. The lavadores that came to openings of candles, pins or small stones will destroy valves, saddles of valves or a head of the cylinder block in the first launch of the motor. The spark capture is composed of the central electrode, the insulator with the case and an electrode of side "of the weight". The central electrode is installed hermetically in the insulator. The last thing is joined strongly with the case. Between the central electrodes and electrodes of side to spark of ignition that lights air of the fuel are mixed in the mistakes of cylinder of motor. The initial qualities of the motor, the nature of his work to waste time, realization of acceleration and the very speed of the car depend on a spark capture. Therefore, it is not recommended without the special reasons to pass of the candles recommended by the manufacturer to candles of another type. The thermal characteristic (kalilny number) of a candle is a representative of the thermal load of a candle in the motor below certain conditions of the Repair. The candles select so that below all the possible conditions of service of the car they got the temperature of automatic cleaning. The number kalilny of a candle, more loudly he the elasticity to the ignition kalilny and less his resistance to the pollution is lower. The number kalilny is higher, the candle elasticity to the ignition kalilny and the highest thing he the resistance to the pollution is lower.
The number Kalilny contains in the designation of a candle.
Removal
  Fig. 7.34. A tip of a wire of high voltage of system of ignition of motors with an axle in a head of the cylinder block (SOHC)

  Fig. 7.35. A tip of a wire of high voltage of system of ignition of motors with two axles in a head of the cylinder block (DOHC)

Desconecte wires of captures of spark (fig. 7.34 and 7.35).

       TO OBSERVE
To avoid that the damage of a wire of high voltage the desconecte, having pulled for a wire tip, but not for a wire (to see the fig. 7.34 and 7.35)

The candle key results all the captures of spark of a head of the cylinder block.

       PREVENTION
Trace that pollution did not come to cylinders for nests below spark captures.

Check of technical condition
Check when the existence of the next defects was taken of spark:
Fig. 7.36. Places of visual check of a condition of a capture of spark

– damage of the insulator (a point 1 in fig. 7.36);
– the ardency out of electrodes (they point to 2);
– the deposit (they point to 3);
– the damaging placing (point to 4);
– damage of the insulator from porcelain in the end of a candle (a point 5).
Fig. 7.37. A slit (A) between the spark covers electrodes

Check the probe and if necessary agreement a slit E (fig. 7.37) between electrodes of captures of spark.
The nominal tariff of a slit between the spark covers electrodes (using to gasoline without lead) 1,0-1,1 mm.
The screw spark covers a hand and hold tight the moment 20-30 N · m.
The excessive candles inhalation can lead to the damage of a woodcarving of nests below candles.
 Definition of a condition of the motor in appearance of captures of spark
The condition of the motor can be predicted in the color of a deposit in electrodes of captures of spark.
  Check of captures of spark (in a possibility of a provorachivaniye of an end of inclination of the motor)

    Fig. 7.38. The scheme of the check of a capture of spark in a provorachivaniye of an end of inclination of the motor an author (the ignition is included): 1 – ignition roll; 2 – sparkle the capture; 3 – ignition switch; 4 – unity of electronic control

The scheme of the check of a capture of spark in a provorachivaniye of an end of inclination of the motor is shown by an author (the ignition is included) in the fig. 7.38.
Annex a wire to a spark capture. Join an extern electrode of a candle (case) to "consider" and to become an end of inclination. Due to the small pressure of the environment the only short sparks are formed. Nevertheless, if the candle is useful, the sparkling will happen in an interval of spark of a candle (between electrodes). In the light of the defective candle the sparkling will not be because of the leak of the current road the insulator.